And, ye fathers, provoke not your children to wrath: but bring them up in the nurture and admonition of the Lord.
This first stanza of this commandment clarifies for the second that fatherly discipline should not hurt. The Greek root word translated "provoke...to wrath" is παροργίζο (Latin" parorgizo) and refers here to offenses or damages, namely the slightest of personal offense perceived by a child, stemming from entitlement. It is one thing for fathers to stop spanking their children. However, it is not enough for fathers to stop spanking their children, or even stop punishing their child altogether for that matter, as a father. You need to avoid offense in children. Avoiding offense in children is the same as avoiding offense in other adults. Just as hurt feelings are inevitable in relations between adults, hurt feelings are also inevitable in children when dealing with them. Thus, in order to avoid offense in a child, you need to be willing to give a meaningful apology whenever your child's feelings. Usually, all that is necessary is a reassurance of good intent, in the form of an informal apology, whenever you hurt your child's feelings with limits not set out of anger, such as "I'm sorry, but I had to set X limit for Y reasons". However, if you ever lose your cool with your child as a parent, including while setting limits, you definitely need to give a formal apology for hurting your child's feelings with your anger, such as "I apologize for losing my temper with you", and then commit never to lose your cool with your child ever again, as any parent anger directed towards a child alone is entitlement, and was seen as entitlement in the Early Church. This commandment cross-references the Eighth and the Tenth Commandments, with the Apostle Paul here convicting a group of Greek Christian parents in the parish at Ephesus who brought their pagan custom of patrias potestas, which is a Latin phrase roughly translating to "power to the parent", namely the power to impose punitive sanctions on children, such as spanking or other forms of punishment of children. However, this commandment was ultimately received at the parish at Ephesus as prohibiting all offenses or damages as perceived by a child. Paul, contrary to popular legend, was anti-spanking, and opposed any and all punitive parenting in his secular writings. Attachment parenting was banned under Roman law, but the Early Christians did it anyway, obeying God over men.
Fathers have a duty to discipline their children. However, the first stanza of this commandment clarifies for this second stanza that fatherly discipline should not hurt. The Greek root word translated "nurture" is παιδεία (Latin: paideia) and refers here to a certain specific form of nurturing, namely of the teaching sort. Christian parents in the Early Church looked for preferred behaviors in their children, such as discipline or self-control. When children showed these good traits, they were lavishly praised and encouraged for more of the same. Christian parents then set a good example for their children to follow, but backed it up with praise and encouragement, not punishment or force. The Bible also charges fathers to instruct their children in the Lord. The Greek root word translated "admonition" is νουθεσία (Latin: nouthesia) and is more aptly translated as "instruction", with the Apostle Paul here discussing religious instruction. Starting at age 6, fathers left out a Bible for a child to discover and explore, with the Bible being left open to a reassuring verse. When children were caught in the act of studying the Bible, they were lavishly praised and encouraged to keep on studying the Bible, with fathers then interjecting "you can ask me anything about that book". From there, religious instruction came in the form of question and answer, with children being curious about Scripture, and with fathers giving pointers on the context. This stanza of this commandment refers to the Hebraic tradition of positive reinforcement. Positive reinforcement, as a tradition, predates the coming of Christ by thousands of years, and is practiced in Jewish homes even today.
Contrary to popular legend, fathers did not sexually correct their children in the Early Church/ The Greek root word translated "fornication" is πορνεία (Latin: porneia) and refers in this context to sexual relations with children, meaning usually daughters. Fathers in the Early Church rarely sexually abused their children. Instead, they masturbated righteously on occasion to sexual thoughts of their children. Usually, in the case of a father-daughter fantasy, the daughter wanted to know what the father of the house fantasized about - she usually got a good laugh about it. Pedophilia and sexual attraction to children was kept on the joke level. Child sexual abuse was at a level where children could easily make an accusation against their abuser, and then be believed. Unlike today, child sexual abuse today was not at the gaslighting level. It is a myth that Christian fathers in the Early Church literally raped their children when they were becoming unmanageable in relation to mothers.
Fathers also set limits in Christian homes in the Early Church. However, children accepting limits was another story. Even then, children oftentimes protested the limits of their fathers, usually through crying or tantrumming. When a child could not accept a set limit, they were reassured with an informal apology that communicated good intent to children. Children usually forgave their parents, and if they didn't, it was seen as a sign of trauma.
Fathers in the Early Church nurtured their families, and also protected them. Fathers protected their families then by standing guard using a rod and staff, namely a sepulchre. A father's sepulchre served both as menace, and a means to beat interlopers to a pulp when they posed a threat to his family. However, fathers in the Early Church were usually warm and kind, in a gruff and encouraging manner, yet still were in charge. Husbands were prohibited from beating their wives even then, with the man of the house instead overpowering anyone who might harm or infiltrate his family.
The depraved and entitled parents who provoke their children to anger through punitive parenting will not inherit the Kingdom of God! Let them be cast forever into the lake of fire and burning sulfur, which is the second death prepared for Satan and his accomplices! Let them descend into the abyss which is the ever-burning Hell of fire and torment, suffering God's Wrath day and night forever and ever! Repent, for the Kingdom of Heaven is at hand!