Many parents think that the Bible gives them the right to punish their children. This is a common attitude amongst American parents. Most American parents cite the Bible as a command to punish their children. The key passage that holds the pro-spanking argument together is Hebrews 12:5-8. However, this passage is not even about earthly parenting.
God's Word states in Hebrews 12:5-8 KJV:
And ye have forgotten the exhortation that speaketh unto you as unto children, My son, despise not the chastening of the Lord, nor faint when thou art rebuked of him: For whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth, and scourgeth every son whom he receiveth. If ye endure chastening, God dealeth with you as with sons; for what son is he whom the father chasteneth not? But if ye be without chastening, whereof all are partakers, then are ye bastards and not sons.
This passage, when understood in context, is comforting to me. The Greek root word translated "scourgeth" is μαστιγόω (Latin: mastigoó), with this word having a figurative meaning to it. This sort of metaphor was known as rod language, with such a metaphor existing in several ancient languages, including Ancient Greek. In the Early Church, you didn't say "I had a long day at work", but instead said "God whipped me hard today". Ultimately, the modern saying that applies here is "what doesn't kill you makes you stronger"
God whips His children, like only He can, sending trials and tribulations the way of the believer. However, God only whips His children when it doesn't harm them. However, earthly parents are flawed parents, and only whip to them when it harms them. This passage does not refer to earthly parenting. However, there do exist parenting passages in the Bible, with these passages prohibiting any sort of punishment whatsoever. See Ephesians 6:1-4 KJV:
Children, obey your parents in the Lord: for this is right. Honour thy father and mother; which is the first commandment with promise; That it may be well with thee, and thou mayest live long on the earth. And, ye fathers, provoke not your children to wrath: but bring them up in the nurture and admonition of the Lord.
The Greek root word translated "obey" is υπακουο (Latin: hupakouo) and refers to secure, vulnerable rest in the love and submission of parents. This word ultimately refers to a secure attachment between parent and child in the family home. This secure attachment comes from parent submission, where parents are to submit to their children just as they would to God, from beneath yet from above, expecting absolutely nothing in return. See also Matt. 22:35-40, 25:31-46.
The Greek root word translated "provoke...to wrath" is παροργίζο (Latin: parorgizo) and refers to damages or offenses, namely the slightest of personal offense perceived by a child, including, but not limited to, the slightest of offensive touch or speech perceived by a child, stemming from entitlement. This commandment was intended by the Apostle Paul, and was understood in his original context, as a moral statute prohibiting all forms of punitive parenting, including, but not limited to, any punishments, reprimands, or other controlling demeanor towards children. In the Old Testament, punitive parents were put to death by way of bloodletting, after punishing their children one last time. The parents who punished their children were charged with kidnapping, with "kidnapping" being defined under the Law as the slightest of damages or offenses stemming from hostage-taking - child punishment was seen in biblical times as holding your child hostage merely for things that they did wrong, thereby treating your child as a quartered slave. Paul here was lifting up the Law in order to convict a group of Greek Christians in the parish at Ephesus who brought their pagan custom of spanking and punishing children into the church. Paul, contrary to popular legend, was anti-spanking, and opposed any and all punishment of a child in his secular writings. Paul may not have gotten along with the women of the church, but he sure loved children, and even took in a few orphaned children during his time as a deacon.
The Greek root word translated "nurture" is παιδεία (Latin: paideia) and refers here to melding the countenance of children. In this very context, melding the countenance of children meant only one thing - lavishly praising and encouraging children when they were caught in the act of good behavior. Ultimately, children learned good behavior through the Christian example of parents. However, this example was backed up by lavish praise and encouragement, instead of harsh punishments and reprimands. All of this praise and encouragement helped to center the countenance of children. Most parents want self-control in a child, and so they looked for self-controlled behavior on the part of children, and then praised and encouraged children for more of the same. Children also need religious instruction, as religion is a human need for children and adults alike. The Greek root word translated "admonition" is νουθεσία (Latin: nouthesia) and refers to self-directed religious instruction. This religious instruction started out with fathers leaving out a Bible for children to discover and explore. When children were caught in the act of studying the Bible, they were lavishly praised and encouraged by statements such as "that book is good for you". From there, religious instruction came in question and answer format. This religious instruction ultimately led to the centering of a child's countenance. Your child may choose different religion than you would, but at least they have values.
Mothers nurture up close, and fathers nurture from afar. For the first 6 years of childhood, children were in constant closeness to mothers, meaning that wherever mom went, so did her child. For the first 2 years of childhood, children were constantly held by mothers, either in her loving arms, or else in a papoose bag on mom's back when her hands were full. Between ages 2-6, children ranged next to mothers, following her from room to room, not allowing mom out of their line of sight, morbidly fearing that mom would "go away and never come back". Whenever children cried, mothers cooed at their children before picking them up, and from there, she diagnosed the need and then met it. Maybe the child was tired. Maybe the child was hungry. Maybe the child needed mom's milk. Maybe the child needed mom, period. Instead of being a likeness of God as a parent, parents are to serve children just as they would God. Children are extensions of God, extended to your doorstep for love and charity. All of the abovementioned methods are ways to win over children just as an adult believer would win over God.
The depraved and entitled parents who provoke their children to wrath through punitive parenting will not inherit the Kingdom of God! Let them be cast forever into the lake of fire and burning sulfur, which is the second death prepared for Satan and his accomplices! Let them descend into the abyss which is the ever-burning Hell of fire and burning sulfur, suffering God's Wrath day and night forever and ever! Repent, for the Kingdom of Heaven is at hand!